Assessment
Braden Scale for Pressure Injury Risk
Rating sensory perception, moisture, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction to guide prevention for at-risk patients.
Subscale interpretation
The Braden Scale scores six subscales from 1 (severe deficit) to 3 or 4 (no impairment), with lower total scores indicating higher pressure injury risk. AHRQ hospital patient safety resources identify pressure injuries as preventable harm targeted by national quality programs.1 Sensory perception reflects ability to feel discomfort—sedated, neuropathic, or cognitively impaired patients score lower.
Moisture accounts for perspiration, incontinence, and drain output on skin. Activity and mobility distinguish bedfast patients from those who walk occasionally. Nutrition reflects intake patterns and weight change—not single meal refusal. Friction and shear increase risk when sliding in bed or using dragging transfers without lift assistance.
From score to prevention
MedlinePlus describes pressure injuries (bedsores) as skin breakdown from prolonged pressure—heels, sacrum, and hips are common sites.2 Scores ≤18 typically prompt prevention bundles: reposition q2h, moisture barrier creams, heel elevation, nutrition consult, and specialty surfaces for highest risk.
Reassess Braden after clinical change—new immobility from fracture, ICU admission, or declining oral intake. LPNs implement turning schedules and document skin inspections; RNs revise care plans when scores drop. A stable Braden does not eliminate need for skin checks when patients have devices (CPAP straps, cervical collars) that create focal pressure.
Practice this skill
Apply what you read with a hands-on Braden Scale drill — instant feedback on every scenario.
